Find out more here, including the clinical symptoms of the respective pathogens Products with activity against enveloped viruses West Nile virus Zika virus Occurrence All continents. Especially Africa, Israel, the Middle East, India, parts of South East Asia, North and parts of Central America and Europe (southern France, northern Italy, western Turkey, Greece and large parts of the Balkans, parts of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Slovakia and Austria as well as Germany) Reservoir Wild birds Infection pathway • Bites of infected mosquitoes, especially Culex, but also Aedes and Mansonia species Incubation period 2-14 days Human-to-human transmission No, For exceptions, see infection pathway • Organ transplantation • Blood transfusion • During pregnancy to unborn child Occurrence In warmer regions of the world, Zika viruses circulate in the tropical and near-tropical subtropical regions of all continents Reservoir Unknown Infection pathway • Bite of infected mosquitoes of the genus Aedes, main vector is the yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) • Sexual transmission from person to person possible • Transmission through transfusions possible Incubation period 3-12 days (usual 3-7 days) Human-to-human transmission Yes (sexual) Yellow fever virus Occurrence Central and West Africa, South America and individual islands in the Caribbean Reservoir Primates Infection pathway Mosquitoes, especially Aedes spec., Haemagogus spec. Incubation period 3-6 days Human-to-human transmission No (Exception: blood donation) 13
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